Earthquake okc - Apr 19, 2023 · MAJOR COUNTY, Okla. – The U.S. Geological Survey says a 3.5 magnitude earthquake shook northwestern Oklahoma on Wednesday afternoon.Just before 12:45 p.m. Wednesday, USGS recorded a 3.5 ...

 
Apr 6, 2023 · CARNEY, Okla. - An early-morning earthquake shook parts of the state on Thursday, according to the United States Geological Survey. The USGS says the epicenter of the 4.0 magnitude quake was in ... . Baylor kansas basketball game

An earthquake with a magnitude of 5.1 hit northern Oklahoma last night. The region has seen a spike in earthquakes recently. Mirreya Villarreal gives us a cl...Jan 31, 2022 · Data provided Monday by Jake Walter, Oklahoma's state seismologist, showed the number of 3.0 magnitude or stronger temblors observed in Oklahoma that year was 302, down from 624 the previous year. In subsequent years, the numbers declined to 195 in 2018, 65 in 2019, 39 in 2020 and 29 last year. Monday's temblor is the first strong event for the ... Jan 31, 2022 · Today: 5.7 magnitude earthquake near Dipayal, Far Western, Nepal 4.5 magnitude earthquake 7 km from Medford , Oklahoma , United States 2022-01-31 17:10:21 UTC CARNEY, Okla. (KFOR) – Some Oklahomans woke up to a bit of shaking early Thursday morning. Just before 4 a.m. on Thursday, the U.S. Geological Survey recorded a 4.0 magnitude earthquake ...7.8 magnitude earthquake 1940-11-10 01:39:05 UTC at 01:39 November 10, 1940 UTC Location: Epicenter at 45.708, 26.563 10.2 km from Nereju Mic (6.2 miles)Medford has had: (M1.5 or greater) 0 earthquakes in the past 24 hours. 6 earthquakes in the past 7 days. 12 earthquakes in the past 30 days. 140 earthquakes in the past 365 days. Our underground house cost close to $150,000 to build and finish back in 1986, which is above the median price of a conventional home in our state in the 1980s. This is our true story. I don't want to imply that all underground houses are like ours. I …Richter scale (M L), quantitative measure of an earthquake’s magnitude (size), devised in 1935 by American seismologists Charles F. Richter and Beno Gutenberg.The earthquake’s magnitude is determined using the logarithm of the amplitude (height) of the largest seismic wave calibrated to a scale by a seismograph.Although …Jan 31, 2022 · The ground in Oklahoma shook Monday morning as an earthquake reportedly registering as a 4.5 was felt across the state. The epicenter was just south of the Oklahoma-Kansas border in central Oklahoma. Early reports from the Oklahoma Geological Survey had the earthquake registering as a 4.6. Yesterday: 4.8 magnitude earthquake near Rio Dell, California, United States 2.6 magnitude earthquake 3 km from Quinton , Oklahoma , United States 2022-01-31 12:43:42 UTCEarthquake size, as measured by the Richter Scale is a well known, but not well understood, concept. The idea of a logarithmic earthquake magnitude scale was first developed by Charles Richter in the 1930's for measuring the size of earthquakes occurring in southern California using relatively high-frequency data from nearby seismograph …If the application does not load, try our legacy Latest Earthquakes application. USGS All Earthquakes, Past Day 161 earthquakes. Only List Earthquakes Shown on Map . Magnitude. Format. Newest First. Sort. 2.4. 84 km NW of Karluk, Alaska. 2023-10-19 10:29:51 (UTC) 0.0 km . 0.7. 10 km SE of San Clemente, CA ...Jan 31, 2022 · A 4.5-magnitude earthquake struck on Monday close to Medford, Oklahoma (USGS) Reports of seismic activity came in from the Oklahoma City area and Tulsa. The quake was also felt across state lines in Wichita, Kansas, and Great Bend, along with Arkansas. Medford, which has a population of around 1,000 people, is located about 120 miles north of ... The Earthquake Event Page application supports most recent browsers, view supported browsers. Or, try our ... M 2.5 - 5 km ENE of Fairmont, Oklahoma. 2023-10-16 06:51:08 (UTC) 36.379°N 97.648°W; 7.9 km depth; Interactive Map. Contributed by OK 1 ; Regional Information. Contributed by OK 1 ; Felt Report - Tell Us! 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 4 ...Recent quakes above magnitude 1.0 in or near Ponca City, Oklahoma, USA (updated just now) Past 24 hours. 3 quakes. Past 7 days. 8 quakes 4 quakes M2+. Past 30 days. 48 quakes 11 quakes M2+ 2 quakes M3+. Past 90 days. 178 quakes 38 quakes M2+ 2 …Jan 25, 2023 · Oklahoma Earthquake. Oklahoma Earthquake Local News / Jan 25, 2023 / 04:06 PM CST. Oklahoma Earthquake. Epic founders face new charges Local News / Oct 14, 2023 / 11:19 AM CDT. The earthquake occurred at a moderately shallow depth of 28 miles beneath the epicenter in the morning on Friday, October 20th, 2023, at 10:39 am local time. The exact magnitude, epicenter, and depth of the quake might be revised within the next few hours or minutes as seismologists review data and refine their calculations, or as other ...29 Mar 2013 ... The largest recorded earthquake in Oklahoma history was likely triggered by the injection of wastewater from oil production into wells deep ...Feb 19, 2021 · A 4.2-magnitude earthquake struck Oklahoma on Friday, according to reports by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).. The quake struck 6 kilometers, or roughly 3.7 miles, away from the town of Manchester. 2 Feb 2018 ... In a new paper, researchers show strong connections between the size of earthquakes in Oklahoma the depth of hydraulic fracturing drill ...Philippines Typhoon and earthquake Oklahoma Tornados Czech Republic, Canada, and Colorado Flooding Chad, Turkey, and Jordan Refugee aid Humanitarian Initiatives During 2013 humanitarian assistance was provided in 140 countries through the following initiatives: Clean Water and Sanitation 37 countries 563,251 beneficiariesCumulative and yearly response maps for earthquakes in the U.S. and around the world using an interactive map. Export a map view using the printer icon in top left corner of map. FAQ. Questions and answers about Did You Feel It? (updated May 24, 2022) Scientific Background. Explore our collection of citizen science data, report your …Mar 27, 2022 · The US Geological Survey recorded a 3.2 magnitude earthquake with the epicenter just under four miles northeast of Edmond, Oklahoma. As of now, there is no word on if the quake caused any damage ... Jan 31, 2022 · An earthquake and its aftershocks were felt across much of Oklahoma on Monday, with reports coming in from both Oklahoma City and Tulsa metros. According to the United States Geological Survey ... The western province of Herat in Afghanistan has been hit with a magnitude 6.3 earthquake – its third since powerful quakes on October 8 killed more than 2,000 …Aug 3, 2023 · The Earthquake Event Page application supports most recent browsers ... M 1.7 - 16 km SE of Waynoka, Oklahoma. 2023-08-03 03:58:15 (UTC) 36.471°N 98.755°W; 8.5 km ... Oklahoma portion of 2014 National Seismic Hazard Map – does not incorporate hazard from induced seismicity. The following is a list of historical earthquakes with epicenters located within the boundaries of Oklahoma. Only earthquakes of greater than or equal to magnitude 4.5 are included. Information pertaining to time, magnitude, epicenter ... 19 Feb 2021 ... 4.2-magnitude earthquake rattles Oklahoma and Kansas, geologists say.The latest Tweets from Emily Morland (@emorland): "#l"Apr 6, 2023 · The Earthquake Event Page application supports most recent browsers ... M 4.0 - 4 km ESE of Carney, Oklahoma. 2023-04-06 08:57:16 (UTC) 35.794°N 96.970°W; 7.0 km depth; If the application does not load, try our legacy Latest Earthquakes application. USGS All Earthquakes, Past Day 161 earthquakes. Only List Earthquakes Shown on Map . Magnitude. Format. Newest First. Sort. 2.4. 84 km NW of Karluk, Alaska. 2023-10-19 03:29:51 (UTC-07:00) 0.0 km . 0.7. 10 km SE of San Clemente, CA ...Latest Earthquakes. 1.7. 8 km WNW of Velma, Oklahoma. 2023-10-13 22:55:30 (UTC-07:00) 6.0 km. 2.3. southeastern Missouri. 2023-10-13 13:58:25 (UTC-07:00) 9.0 km.Most earthquakes occur along the boundaries between the Earth’s tectonic plates. The crust of the Earth is divided into plates. When a plate collides with or slides past another plate, this causes earthquakes.Cumulative and yearly response maps for earthquakes in the U.S. and around the world using an interactive map. Export a map view using the printer icon in top left corner of map. FAQ. Questions and answers about Did You Feel It? (updated May 24, 2022) Scientific Background. Explore our collection of citizen science data, report your …26 Sep 2018 ... Reinjection of saltwater, co-produced with oil, triggered thousands of widely felt and several damaging earthquakes in Oklahoma and Kansas.ShakeMap is a product of the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program in conjunction with the regional seismic networks. ShakeMaps provide near-real-time maps of ground motion and shaking intensity following significant earthquakes. These maps are used by federal, state, and local organizations, both public and private, for post …The latest Tweets from bg reno (@bg_reno). The Husband/GPa. OkC, where else?Oklahoma is being rattled by an unprecedented surge in earthquakes. The state last year averaged more than two each day at magnitude three or higher. Before ...Oct. 19, 2023, 1:14 p.m. ET. Some West Coast residents were jolted awake on Thursday when they received an earthquake alert test that was sent to their cellphones at 3:19 …The strongest and most widely felt earthquake in Oklahoma occurred on April 9, 1952. The intensity VII (Modified Mercalli Scale) tremor was felt over 362,000 sqaure kilometres. A second intensity VII earthquake, felt over a very small area, occurred in October 1956. In addition, 15 other shocks, intensity V or VI, have originated within Oklahoma.Oct 20, 2023 · Oklahoma City Earthquake FAQ When was the latest earthquake in Oklahoma City? The last earthquake in Oklahoma City occurred 5 minutes ago: Weak mag. 2.1 earthquake - 15 mi north of Chickasha, Grady County, Oklahoma, USA, on Thursday, Oct 19, 2023 at 10:05 pm (GMT -5). 3.9 Magnitude Earthquake Shakes Lincoln County News 9 A 3.9 magnitude earthquake shook residents Monday morning in Lincoln County. The Oklahoma Geological Survey reports the quake was recorded at ...29 Mar 2013 ... The largest recorded earthquake in Oklahoma history was likely triggered by the injection of wastewater from oil production into wells deep ...If the application does not load, try our legacy Latest Earthquakes application. USGS Magnitude 2.5+ Earthquakes, Past Day 31 earthquakes. Only List Earthquakes Shown on Map . Magnitude. Format. Newest First. Sort. 2.8. Southern Alaska. 2023-10-23 02:17:44 (UTC-07:00) 31.5 km . 3.6. Puerto Rico region ...We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.The Earthquake Event Page application supports most recent browsers, view supported browsers. Or, try our Real-time Notifications, Feeds, and Web Services . M 2.2 - 8 km SW of El Reno, Oklahoma2. Sometimes plate edges get stuck because of friction but the rest of the plate keeps moving, very slowly. 3. The energy and pressure that move the plates get stored up at the edges. 4. When the energy and pressure build up enough to overcome the friction, the plates move past each other along the fault. 5.41 earthquakes in the past 365 days The largest earthquake in Quinton: this month: 2.4 in McAlester , Oklahoma , United States2 Mei 2017 ... Human-induced earthquakes have been plaguing Oklahoma since 2009, but the destructive Pawnee quake didn't fit the usual pattern. By Zahra Hirji.What. Killers of The Flower Moon. Doesn’t Show About Osage Nation’s Legacy. An old photograph in the home of Archie Mason, an Osage Nation traditional …Jan 31, 2022 · An earthquake and its aftershocks were felt across much of Oklahoma on Monday, with reports coming in from both Oklahoma City and Tulsa metros. According to the United States Geological Survey ... 2 Mei 2017 ... Human-induced earthquakes have been plaguing Oklahoma since 2009, but the destructive Pawnee quake didn't fit the usual pattern. By Zahra Hirji.720-357-0470. Ten years ago, in the early afternoon of August 23, 2011, millions of people throughout the eastern U.S. felt shaking from a magnitude 5.8 earthquake near Mineral, Virginia. No lives were lost, something experts called “lucky” given the extent of shaking, but property damage was estimated to be in the range of $200 to $300 ...Earthquake information= Magnitude: 3.0, Region: OKLAHOMA, Date time: 2023-05-04 11:38:18.0 UTC, Location: 35.2363 ; -98.0478, Depth: 5 km. earthquakes today - recent and latest earthquakes, earthquake map and earthquake information. Earthquake information for europe. EMSC (European Mediterranean Seismological …Jan 31, 2022 · A 4.5-magnitude earthquake struck on Monday close to Medford, Oklahoma (USGS) Reports of seismic activity came in from the Oklahoma City area and Tulsa. The quake was also felt across state lines in Wichita, Kansas, and Great Bend, along with Arkansas. Medford, which has a population of around 1,000 people, is located about 120 miles north of ... In an earthquake, items on a table or desk are likely to fall off. Computers and other equipment can start fires. Stay clear of windows or glassed-in areas. Stay clear of anything hanging on ceilings or walls that may fall and cause injuries. Do not leave the building during the quake as there is extreme danger exiting or entering buildings. Jones, Oklahoma. Location in Oklahoma County and the state of Oklahoma. / 35.56444°N 97.28944°W / 35.56444; -97.28944. Jones is a town in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma. It is named after Charles G. Jones, a three-time mayor of Oklahoma City. The population was 2,692 at the time of the 2010 census .About Us. We provide science about the natural hazards that threaten lives and livelihoods, the water, energy, minerals, and other natural resources we rely on, the health of our ecosystems and environment, and the impacts of climate and land-use change. Our scientists develop new methods and tools to enable timely, relevant, and useful ...Central Oklahoma is sometimes affected by earthquakes. While a life-threatening earthquake capable of causing widespread damage has never been reported in Oklahoma City, it's important to remember earthquake safety precautions. Earthquake Safety. Drop, cover and hold on: Drop to the ground, take cover by getting under a sturdy table or other ...Jan 31, 2022 · A 4.5-magnitude earthquake struck on Monday close to Medford, Oklahoma (USGS) Reports of seismic activity came in from the Oklahoma City area and Tulsa. The quake was also felt across state lines in Wichita, Kansas, and Great Bend, along with Arkansas. Medford, which has a population of around 1,000 people, is located about 120 miles north of ... Events in this list and shown in red on our real-time earthquake map and list are considered 'significant events', and they are determined by a combination of magnitude, number of Did You Feel It responses, and PAGER alert level. Here is the equation: mag_significance = magnitude * 100 * (magnitude / 6.5)Apr 6, 2023 · CARNEY, Okla. -. An early-morning earthquake shook parts of the state on Thursday, according to the United States Geological Survey. The USGS says the epicenter of the 4.0 magnitude quake was in ... 6 Apr 2023 ... CARNEY, Okla. (AP) — A magnitude 4.0 earthquake was among a series of six tremors that struck central Oklahoma on Thursday morning, ...10 Okt 2015 ... Oklahoma Geological Survey records show there have been nearly 700 earthquakes of magnitude 3 or larger in Oklahoma this year. That's up from 20 ...Oct 18, 2023 · Latest quakes in or near Oklahoma, USA, in the past 24 hours on Sunday, October 22, 2023 - list, stats and map There have been: (M1.5 or greater) 126 earthquakes in the past 24 hours. 838 earthquakes in the past 7 days. 3,718 earthquakes in the past 30 days. 51,591 earthquakes in the past 365 days.Tornadoes are some of the most destructive forces of nature. Learn how tornadoes form, how they are rated, and the country where the most intense tornadoes o...The Earthquake Event Page application supports most recent browsers, view supported browsers.Or, try our Real-time Notifications, Feeds, and Web Services.Real-time Notifications, Feeds, and Web Services.There have been: (M1.5 or greater) 126 earthquakes in the past 24 hours. 838 earthquakes in the past 7 days. 3,718 earthquakes in the past 30 days. 51,591 earthquakes in the past 365 days. Medford has had: (M1.5 or greater) 0 earthquakes in the past 24 hours. 6 earthquakes in the past 7 days. 12 earthquakes in the past 30 days. 140 earthquakes in the past 365 days. Yukon has had: (M1.5 or greater) 0 earthquakes in the past 24 hours. 2 earthquakes in the past 7 days. 21 earthquakes in the past 30 days. 548 earthquakes in the past 365 days.Turkey has had: (M1.5 or greater) 0 earthquakes in the past 24 hours. 2 earthquakes in the past 7 days. 9 earthquakes in the past 30 days. 486 earthquakes in the past 365 days.Oklahoma Earthquakes; Events; Weather. Weather Home; Bob Mills Weather Center; WARN Radar; ... Oklahoma State Outlasts West Virginia 48-34. Dillon Gabriel Throws 3 TD Passes Against His Former ...The last earthquake in Oklahoma occurred 4 hours ago: Minor mag. 1.7 earthquake - Oklahoma on Saturday, Oct 14, 2023 at 12:55 am (GMT -5). How many quakes were there in Oklahoma today? In the past 24 hours, Oklahoma, USA had 1 quakes up to magnitude 1.7.The earthquake occurred at a moderately shallow depth of 28 miles beneath the epicenter in the morning on Friday, October 20th, 2023, at 10:39 am local time. The exact magnitude, epicenter, and depth of the quake might be revised within the next few hours or minutes as seismologists review data and refine their calculations, or as other ...By Tim Fitzsimons. A magnitude 4.1 earthquake struck west of Shattuck, Oklahoma, at around 1:30 p.m. local time on Tuesday, according to the U.S. Geological Survey, also shaking residents in ...A magnitude 5.1 earthquake struck in Oklahoma on February 13, 2016 at 11:07:06 am local time. The earthquake was centered near Fairview in northwestern ...Jan 31, 2022 · January 31, 2022 · 1 min read. 0. The ground in Oklahoma shook Monday morning as an earthquake reportedly registering as a 4.5 was felt across the state. The epicenter was just south of the Oklahoma-Kansas border in central Oklahoma. Early reports from the Oklahoma Geological Survey had the earthquake registering as a 4.6. 10 km SSE of Wapanucka, Oklahoma - 1.6 EARTHQUAKE - McKinney, Frisco, Denton, Norman, Plano, Garland, Carrollton, Oklahoma City, Mesquite, Dallas, Irving, Grand Prairie, Arlington, Fort Worth, Wichita Falls, and Tulsa - 2022-06-13 19:54:43 UTC ... 1.6 magnitude earthquake 24 km from Atoka, Oklahoma, United States. 2022 …Jan 31, 2022 · The U.S. Geological Survey recorded a 4.5-magnitude earthquake Monday morning in northern Oklahoma. USGS officials said they recorded the earthquake around 11:10 a.m., about 4.5 miles northwest of Medford. Several KOCO 5 viewers from across the state have told us that they felt the earthquake in Oklahoma City, Moore, Norman, Edmond, Choctaw ... Dear Doctor. The crew discovers a new planet with two races, one in desperate need of medical and scientific assistance. In the course of trying to help, Dr. Phlox recalls his own Denobulan past to address the ethical dilemmas that arise in the present. 1:00am.According to the United States Geological Survey, the 4.5M quake originated near Medford, Oklahoma around 11 a.m at a depth of about 7.8 km. According to the Earthquake Notification Service, two ...7.2 magnitude earthquake off Alaskan coast triggers tsunami warning. A 7.2 magnitude earthquake struck about 65 miles off the coast of Sand Point, Alaska, on Saturday, rattling the area with at ...The faults most likely to affect Oklahoma are the New Madrid Fault, centered in the Missouri. Boot heel region, and the Meers Fault, located in southwestern ...Oklahoma (/ ˌ oʊ k l ə ˈ h oʊ m ə / ⓘ; Choctaw: Oklahumma, pronounced; Cherokee: ᎣᎧᎳᎰᎹ, Okalahoma, pronounced [ògàlàhǒːmã́]) is a state in the South Central region of the United States, bordered by the state of Texas to the south and west, Kansas to the north, Missouri to the northeast, Arkansas to the east, New Mexico to the west, and Colorado to …28 Mar 2016 ... Oklahoma Is Now as Much of an Earthquake Risk as California ... A new federal map released Monday shows parts of Oklahoma are now as seismic as ...Historical earthquakes is a list of significant earthquakes known to have occurred prior to the beginning of the 20th century. As the events listed here occurred before routine instrumental recordings, they rely mainly on the analysis of written sources or using stone/wooden poles or vessels filled with water. There is often significant uncertainty in …The Earthquake Event Page application supports most recent browsers, view supported browsers. Or, try our Real-time Notifications, Feeds, and Web Services . M 3.3 - 5 km ENE of Edmond, OklahomaEarthquake Map. Center Map. Show Heat Map. Last 60 Days Minimum 2 Magnitude. Get the latest news coverage on the 2011 Oklahoma Earthquake outbreak from across the state.

Most earthquakes occur along the boundaries between the Earth’s tectonic plates. The crust of the Earth is divided into plates. When a plate collides with or slides past another plate, this causes earthquakes.. Mizzou women's tennis

earthquake okc

3 Sep 2016 ... A 5.6-magnitude earthquake rattled Oklahoma on Saturday, damaging buildings and tying for the strongest temblor ever recorded in the state, ...Jul 11, 2023 · CARTER COUNTY, Okla. ( KFOR) – The U.S. Geological Survey says a 3.1 magnitude earthquake shook parts pf southern Oklahoma on Tuesday afternoon. Just before 5 p.m. Tuesday, USGS recorded a 3.1 ... A magnitude 4.1 earthquake struck west of Shattuck, Oklahoma, at around 1:30 p.m. local time on Tuesday, according to the U.S. Geological Survey, also shaking residents in neighboring Kansas and ...The Latest Earthquakes application supports most recent browsers, view supported browsers. If ... Oklahoma. 2023-10-14 10:15:20 (UTC-07:00) 16.1 km . 2.5. Updated: Sep 21, 2023 / 10:36 PM CDT. STEPHENS COUNTY, Okla. ( KFOR) – The U.S. Geological Survey says a 3.2 magnitude earthquake shook parts of southern Oklahoma …Image for story: 3.4 magnitude earthquake shakes part of central Oklahoma. 5 years ago · 5 years ago. No damage reported after 4.2 earthquake hits Oklahoma · 5 ...Mar 27, 2022 · The US Geological Survey recorded a 3.2 magnitude earthquake with the epicenter just under four miles northeast of Edmond, Oklahoma. As of now, there is no word on if the quake caused any damage ... Mar 16, 2023 · The worst earthquake in Oklahoma was the 5.8 magnitude quake near Pawnee in 2016. It was also one of the strongest earthquakes to ever occur in the eastern part of the USA. The quake caused significant damage in some areas and at least one injury. Mar 16, 2023 · The worst earthquake in Oklahoma was the 5.8 magnitude quake near Pawnee in 2016. It was also one of the strongest earthquakes to ever occur in the eastern part of the USA. The quake caused significant damage in some areas and at least one injury. If the application does not load, try our legacy Latest Earthquakes application. USGS Significant Earthquakes, Past Month 12 earthquakes. Only List Earthquakes Shown on Map . Magnitude. Format. Newest First. Sort. 6.3. 73 km N of Namuac, Philippines. 2023-09-12 11:03:18 (UTC) 41.3 km . 6.8. 54 km WSW of Oukaïmedene, Morocco ...If the application does not load, try our legacy Latest Earthquakes application. Javascript must be enabled to view our earthquake maps. To access USGS earthquake information without using javascript, use our Magnitude 2.5+ Earthquakes, Past Day ATOM Feed or our other earthquake feeds . The Earthquake Event Page application supports most recent browsers, view supported browsers.Or, try our Real-time Notifications, Feeds, and Web Services.Real-time Notifications, Feeds, and Web Services.Jul 11, 2023 · CARTER COUNTY, Okla. ( KFOR) – The U.S. Geological Survey says a 3.1 magnitude earthquake shook parts pf southern Oklahoma on Tuesday afternoon. Just before 5 p.m. Tuesday, USGS recorded a 3.1 ... 3.9 Magnitude Earthquake Shakes Lincoln County News 9 A 3.9 magnitude earthquake shook residents Monday morning in Lincoln County. The Oklahoma Geological Survey reports the quake was recorded at ...Oklahoma Rep. Kevin Hern announces bid for House speaker. KOCO 5 News is your source for the latest local headlines and live alerts. Visit Oklahoma City's most reliable source for breaking news. Oct 18, 2023 · Latest quakes in or near Oklahoma, USA, in the past 24 hours on Sunday, October 22, 2023 - list, stats and map .

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